X-MINING Metal Complexes

Metal complexes consist of metal ions bound to other chemical entities (ligands) such as molecules or ions. They are formed when one or more ligands bind to a central metal ion in a specific number (coordination number). The bond is created through the sharing of vacant orbitals of the metal ions with the unpaired electrons of the ligands.

• Ligands are molecules or ions that bind to metal ions to form complexes, using their electrons to bond with the metal ion and stabilize the complex.
• The coordination number refers to the number of ligands bound to a metal ion.
• The stability of a complex indicates how easily the complex remains intact without breaking down. This stability varies due to factors such as the type of ligands, coordination number, chelate effect, and the ligands' ability to donate electrons.

Metal complexes are used in various applications, including in catalytic converters of automobiles, where complexes containing platinum or palladium help neutralize harmful exhaust gases. In the pharmaceutical field, cisplatin, a complex containing platinum, is known as a cancer treatment drug that inhibits cell proliferation by binding to the DNA of cancer cells. Complexes containing gold and silver are used in products that utilize specific chemical reactions, such as antimicrobials or photographic development. Gold complexes are researched for use in electronic materials and catalysts, while silver complexes have been used in coatings for antimicrobial clothing and medical devices. Due to their rarity and exceptional chemical properties, these metal complexes contribute to the advancement of numerous cutting-edge technologies and are expected to find applications in various fields in the future.